> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.cosmos.network/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# What is runtime?

> The runtime package in the Cosmos SDK provides a flexible framework for configuring and managing blockchain applications. It serves as the foundation for creating modular blockchain applications using a declarative configuration approach.

The `runtime` package in the Cosmos SDK provides a flexible framework for configuring and managing blockchain applications. It serves as the foundation for creating modular blockchain applications using a declarative configuration approach.

## Overview

The runtime package acts as a wrapper around the `BaseApp` and `ModuleManager`, offering a hybrid approach where applications can be configured both declaratively through configuration files and programmatically through traditional methods.
It is a layer of abstraction between `baseapp` and the application modules that simplifies the process of building a Cosmos SDK application.

## Core Components

### App Structure

The runtime App struct contains several key components:

```go theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-high-contrast","dark":"github-dark-high-contrast"}}
type App struct {
    *baseapp.BaseApp
    ModuleManager    *module.Manager
    configurator     module.Configurator
    config           *runtimev1alpha1.Module
    storeKeys        []storetypes.StoreKey
    // ... other fields
}
```

Cosmos SDK applications should embed the `*runtime.App` struct to leverage the runtime module.

```go expandable theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-high-contrast","dark":"github-dark-high-contrast"}}
//go:build !app_v1

package simapp

import (
    
	"io"

	dbm "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-db"

	clienthelpers "cosmossdk.io/client/v2/helpers"
    "cosmossdk.io/depinject"
    "cosmossdk.io/log"
	storetypes "cosmossdk.io/store/types"
	circuitkeeper "cosmossdk.io/x/circuit/keeper"
	evidencekeeper "cosmossdk.io/x/evidence/keeper"
	feegrantkeeper "cosmossdk.io/x/feegrant/keeper"
	nftkeeper "cosmossdk.io/x/nft/keeper"
	upgradekeeper "cosmossdk.io/x/upgrade/keeper"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/baseapp"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/client"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/codec"
	codectypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/codec/types"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/runtime"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/api"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/config"
	servertypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/types"
	testdata_pulsar "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/testutil/testdata/testpb"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types/module"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth/ante"
	authkeeper "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth/keeper"
	authsims "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth/simulation"
	authtypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth/types"
	authzkeeper "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/authz/keeper"
	bankkeeper "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/bank/keeper"
	consensuskeeper "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/consensus/keeper"
	distrkeeper "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/distribution/keeper"
	epochskeeper "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/epochs/keeper"
	govkeeper "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/gov/keeper"
	groupkeeper "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/group/keeper"
	mintkeeper "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/mint/keeper"
	protocolpoolkeeper "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/protocolpool/keeper"
	slashingkeeper "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/slashing/keeper"
	stakingkeeper "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/staking/keeper"
)

// DefaultNodeHome default home directories for the application daemon
var DefaultNodeHome string

var (
	_ runtime.AppI            = (*SimApp)(nil)
	_ servertypes.Application = (*SimApp)(nil)
)

// SimApp extends an ABCI application, but with most of its parameters exported.
// They are exported for convenience in creating helper functions, as object
// capabilities aren't needed for testing.
type SimApp struct {
	*runtime.App
	legacyAmino       *codec.LegacyAmino
	appCodec          codec.Codec
	txConfig          client.TxConfig
	interfaceRegistry codectypes.InterfaceRegistry

	// essential keepers
	AccountKeeper         authkeeper.AccountKeeper
	BankKeeper            bankkeeper.BaseKeeper
	StakingKeeper         *stakingkeeper.Keeper
	SlashingKeeper        slashingkeeper.Keeper
	MintKeeper            mintkeeper.Keeper
	DistrKeeper           distrkeeper.Keeper
	GovKeeper             *govkeeper.Keeper
	UpgradeKeeper         *upgradekeeper.Keeper
	EvidenceKeeper        evidencekeeper.Keeper
	ConsensusParamsKeeper consensuskeeper.Keeper
	CircuitKeeper         circuitkeeper.Keeper

	// supplementary keepers
	FeeGrantKeeper     feegrantkeeper.Keeper
	GroupKeeper        groupkeeper.Keeper
	AuthzKeeper        authzkeeper.Keeper
	NFTKeeper          nftkeeper.Keeper
	EpochsKeeper       epochskeeper.Keeper
	ProtocolPoolKeeper protocolpoolkeeper.Keeper

	// simulation manager
	sm *module.SimulationManager
}

func init() {
    var err error
	DefaultNodeHome, err = clienthelpers.GetNodeHomeDirectory(".simapp")
    if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
}

// NewSimApp returns a reference to an initialized SimApp.
func NewSimApp(
	logger log.Logger,
	db dbm.DB,
	traceStore io.Writer,
	loadLatest bool,
	appOpts servertypes.AppOptions,
	baseAppOptions ...func(*baseapp.BaseApp),
) *SimApp {
    var (
		app        = &SimApp{
}

appBuilder *runtime.AppBuilder

		// merge the AppConfig and other configuration in one config
		appConfig = depinject.Configs(
			AppConfig,
			depinject.Supply(
				// supply the application options
				appOpts,
				// supply the logger
				logger,

				// ADVANCED CONFIGURATION

				//
				// AUTH
				//
				// For providing a custom function required in auth to generate custom account types
				// add it below. By default the auth module uses simulation.RandomGenesisAccounts.
				//
				// authtypes.RandomGenesisAccountsFn(simulation.RandomGenesisAccounts),
				//
				// For providing a custom a base account type add it below.
				// By default the auth module uses authtypes.ProtoBaseAccount().
				//
				// func()

sdk.AccountI {
    return authtypes.ProtoBaseAccount()
},
				//
				// For providing a different address codec, add it below.
				// By default the auth module uses a Bech32 address codec,
				// with the prefix defined in the auth module configuration.
				//
				// func()

address.Codec {
    return <- custom address codec type ->
}
				//
				// STAKING
				//
				// For providing a different validator and consensus address codec, add it below.
				// By default the staking module uses the bech32 prefix provided in the auth config,
				// and appends "valoper" and "valcons" for validator and consensus addresses respectively.
				// When providing a custom address codec in auth, custom address codecs must be provided here as well.
				//
				// func()

runtime.ValidatorAddressCodec {
    return <- custom validator address codec type ->
}
				// func()

runtime.ConsensusAddressCodec {
    return <- custom consensus address codec type ->
}

				//
				// MINT
				//

				// For providing a custom inflation function for x/mint add here your
				// custom minting function that implements the mintkeeper.MintFn
				// interface.
			),
		)
	)
    if err := depinject.Inject(appConfig,
		&appBuilder,
		&app.appCodec,
		&app.legacyAmino,
		&app.txConfig,
		&app.interfaceRegistry,
		&app.AccountKeeper,
		&app.BankKeeper,
		&app.StakingKeeper,
		&app.SlashingKeeper,
		&app.MintKeeper,
		&app.DistrKeeper,
		&app.GovKeeper,
		&app.UpgradeKeeper,
		&app.AuthzKeeper,
		&app.EvidenceKeeper,
		&app.FeeGrantKeeper,
		&app.GroupKeeper,
		&app.NFTKeeper,
		&app.ConsensusParamsKeeper,
		&app.CircuitKeeper,
		&app.EpochsKeeper,
		&app.ProtocolPoolKeeper,
	); err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

	// Below we could construct and set an application specific mempool and
	// ABCI 1.0 PrepareProposal and ProcessProposal handlers. These defaults are
	// already set in the SDK's BaseApp, this shows an example of how to override
	// them.
	//
	// Example:
	//
	// app.App = appBuilder.Build(...)
	// nonceMempool := mempool.NewSenderNonceMempool()
	// abciPropHandler := NewDefaultProposalHandler(nonceMempool, app.App.BaseApp)
	//
	// app.App.BaseApp.SetMempool(nonceMempool)
	// app.App.BaseApp.SetPrepareProposal(abciPropHandler.PrepareProposalHandler())
	// app.App.BaseApp.SetProcessProposal(abciPropHandler.ProcessProposalHandler())
	//
	// Alternatively, you can construct BaseApp options, append those to
	// baseAppOptions and pass them to the appBuilder.
	//
	// Example:
	//
	// prepareOpt = func(app *baseapp.BaseApp) {
	// 	abciPropHandler := baseapp.NewDefaultProposalHandler(nonceMempool, app)
	// 	app.SetPrepareProposal(abciPropHandler.PrepareProposalHandler())
	//
}
	// baseAppOptions = append(baseAppOptions, prepareOpt)

	// create and set dummy vote extension handler
    voteExtOp := func(bApp *baseapp.BaseApp) {
    voteExtHandler := NewVoteExtensionHandler()

voteExtHandler.SetHandlers(bApp)
}

baseAppOptions = append(baseAppOptions, voteExtOp, baseapp.SetOptimisticExecution())

app.App = appBuilder.Build(db, traceStore, baseAppOptions...)

	// register streaming services
    if err := app.RegisterStreamingServices(appOpts, app.kvStoreKeys()); err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

	/****  Module Options ****/

	// RegisterUpgradeHandlers is used for registering any on-chain upgrades.
	app.RegisterUpgradeHandlers()

	// add test gRPC service for testing gRPC queries in isolation
	testdata_pulsar.RegisterQueryServer(app.GRPCQueryRouter(), testdata_pulsar.QueryImpl{
})

	// create the simulation manager and define the order of the modules for deterministic simulations
	//
	// NOTE: this is not required apps that don't use the simulator for fuzz testing
	// transactions
    overrideModules := map[string]module.AppModuleSimulation{
    authtypes.ModuleName: auth.NewAppModule(app.appCodec, app.AccountKeeper, authsims.RandomGenesisAccounts, nil),
}

app.sm = module.NewSimulationManagerFromAppModules(app.ModuleManager.Modules, overrideModules)

app.sm.RegisterStoreDecoders()

	// A custom InitChainer can be set if extra pre-init-genesis logic is required.
	// By default, when using app wiring enabled module, this is not required.
	// For instance, the upgrade module will set automatically the module version map in its init genesis thanks to app wiring.
	// However, when registering a module manually (i.e. that does not support app wiring), the module version map
	// must be set manually as follow. The upgrade module will de-duplicate the module version map.
	//
	// app.SetInitChainer(func(ctx sdk.Context, req *abci.RequestInitChain) (*abci.ResponseInitChain, error) {
	// 	app.UpgradeKeeper.SetModuleVersionMap(ctx, app.ModuleManager.GetVersionMap())
	// 	return app.App.InitChainer(ctx, req)
	//
})

	// set custom ante handler
	app.setAnteHandler(app.txConfig)
    if err := app.Load(loadLatest); err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

return app
}

// setAnteHandler sets custom ante handlers.
// "x/auth/tx" pre-defined ante handler have been disabled in app_config.
func (app *SimApp)

setAnteHandler(txConfig client.TxConfig) {
    anteHandler, err := NewAnteHandler(
		HandlerOptions{
    ante.HandlerOptions{
    AccountKeeper:   app.AccountKeeper,
    BankKeeper:      app.BankKeeper,
    SignModeHandler: txConfig.SignModeHandler(),
    FeegrantKeeper:  app.FeeGrantKeeper,
    SigGasConsumer:  ante.DefaultSigVerificationGasConsumer,
},
			&app.CircuitKeeper,
},
	)
    if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

	// Set the AnteHandler for the app
	app.SetAnteHandler(anteHandler)
}

// LegacyAmino returns SimApp's amino codec.
//
// NOTE: This is solely to be used for testing purposes as it may be desirable
// for modules to register their own custom testing types.
func (app *SimApp)

LegacyAmino() *codec.LegacyAmino {
    return app.legacyAmino
}

// AppCodec returns SimApp's app codec.
//
// NOTE: This is solely to be used for testing purposes as it may be desirable
// for modules to register their own custom testing types.
func (app *SimApp)

AppCodec()

codec.Codec {
    return app.appCodec
}

// InterfaceRegistry returns SimApp's InterfaceRegistry.
func (app *SimApp)

InterfaceRegistry()

codectypes.InterfaceRegistry {
    return app.interfaceRegistry
}

// TxConfig returns SimApp's TxConfig
func (app *SimApp)

TxConfig()

client.TxConfig {
    return app.txConfig
}

// GetKey returns the KVStoreKey for the provided store key.
//
// NOTE: This is solely to be used for testing purposes.
func (app *SimApp)

GetKey(storeKey string) *storetypes.KVStoreKey {
    sk := app.UnsafeFindStoreKey(storeKey)

kvStoreKey, ok := sk.(*storetypes.KVStoreKey)
    if !ok {
    return nil
}

return kvStoreKey
}

func (app *SimApp)

kvStoreKeys()

map[string]*storetypes.KVStoreKey {
    keys := make(map[string]*storetypes.KVStoreKey)
    for _, k := range app.GetStoreKeys() {
    if kv, ok := k.(*storetypes.KVStoreKey); ok {
    keys[kv.Name()] = kv
}
	
}

return keys
}

// SimulationManager implements the SimulationApp interface
func (app *SimApp)

SimulationManager() *module.SimulationManager {
    return app.sm
}

// RegisterAPIRoutes registers all application module routes with the provided
// API server.
func (app *SimApp)

RegisterAPIRoutes(apiSvr *api.Server, apiConfig config.APIConfig) {
    app.App.RegisterAPIRoutes(apiSvr, apiConfig)
	// register swagger API in app.go so that other applications can override easily
    if err := server.RegisterSwaggerAPI(apiSvr.ClientCtx, apiSvr.Router, apiConfig.Swagger); err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
}

// GetMaccPerms returns a copy of the module account permissions
//
// NOTE: This is solely to be used for testing purposes.
func GetMaccPerms()

map[string][]string {
    dup := make(map[string][]string)
    for _, perms := range moduleAccPerms {
    dup[perms.Account] = perms.Permissions
}

return dup
}

// BlockedAddresses returns all the app's blocked account addresses.
func BlockedAddresses()

map[string]bool {
    result := make(map[string]bool)
    if len(blockAccAddrs) > 0 {
    for _, addr := range blockAccAddrs {
    result[addr] = true
}
	
}

else {
    for addr := range GetMaccPerms() {
    result[addr] = true
}
	
}

return result
}
```

### Configuration

The runtime module is configured using App Wiring. The main configuration object is the [`Module` message](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/v0.53.0-rc.2/proto/cosmos/app/runtime/v1alpha1/module.proto), which supports the following key settings:

* `app_name`: The name of the application
* `begin_blockers`: List of module names to call during BeginBlock
* `end_blockers`: List of module names to call during EndBlock
* `init_genesis`: Order of module initialization during genesis
* `export_genesis`: Order for exporting module genesis data
* `pre_blockers`: Modules to execute before block processing

Learn more about wiring `runtime` in the [next section](/sdk/v0.53/build/building-apps/app-go-di).

#### Store Configuration

By default, the runtime module uses the module name as the store key.
However it provides a flexible store key configuration through:

* `override_store_keys`: Allows customizing module store keys
* `skip_store_keys`: Specifies store keys to skip during keeper construction

Example configuration:

```go expandable theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-high-contrast","dark":"github-dark-high-contrast"}}
package simapp

import (
    
	"time"
    "google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/durationpb"

	runtimev1alpha1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/app/runtime/v1alpha1"
	appv1alpha1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/app/v1alpha1"
	authmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/auth/module/v1"
	authzmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/authz/module/v1"
	bankmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/bank/module/v1"
	circuitmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/circuit/module/v1"
	consensusmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/consensus/module/v1"
	distrmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/distribution/module/v1"
	epochsmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/epochs/module/v1"
	evidencemodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/evidence/module/v1"
	feegrantmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/feegrant/module/v1"
	genutilmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/genutil/module/v1"
	govmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/gov/module/v1"
	groupmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/group/module/v1"
	mintmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/mint/module/v1"
	nftmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/nft/module/v1"
	protocolpoolmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/protocolpool/module/v1"
	slashingmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/slashing/module/v1"
	stakingmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/staking/module/v1"
	txconfigv1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/tx/config/v1"
	upgrademodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/upgrade/module/v1"
	vestingmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/vesting/module/v1"
    "cosmossdk.io/core/appconfig"
    "cosmossdk.io/depinject"
	_ "cosmossdk.io/x/circuit" // import for side-effects
	circuittypes "cosmossdk.io/x/circuit/types"
	_ "cosmossdk.io/x/evidence" // import for side-effects
	evidencetypes "cosmossdk.io/x/evidence/types"
    "cosmossdk.io/x/feegrant"
	_ "cosmossdk.io/x/feegrant/module" // import for side-effects
	"cosmossdk.io/x/nft"
	_ "cosmossdk.io/x/nft/module" // import for side-effects
	_ "cosmossdk.io/x/upgrade"    // import for side-effects
	upgradetypes "cosmossdk.io/x/upgrade/types"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/runtime"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types/module"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth/tx/config" // import for side-effects
	authtypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth/types"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth/vesting" // import for side-effects
	vestingtypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth/vesting/types"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/authz"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/authz/module" // import for side-effects
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/bank"         // import for side-effects
	banktypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/bank/types"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/consensus" // import for side-effects
	consensustypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/consensus/types"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/distribution" // import for side-effects
	distrtypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/distribution/types"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/epochs" // import for side-effects
	epochstypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/epochs/types"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/genutil"
	genutiltypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/genutil/types"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/gov"
	govclient "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/gov/client"
	govtypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/gov/types"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/group"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/group/module" // import for side-effects
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/mint"         // import for side-effects
	minttypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/mint/types"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/protocolpool" // import for side-effects
	protocolpooltypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/protocolpool/types"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/slashing" // import for side-effects
	slashingtypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/slashing/types"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/staking" // import for side-effects
	stakingtypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/staking/types"
)

var (
	// module account permissions
	moduleAccPerms = []*authmodulev1.ModuleAccountPermission{
		{
    Account: authtypes.FeeCollectorName
},
		{
    Account: distrtypes.ModuleName
},
		{
    Account: minttypes.ModuleName,
    Permissions: []string{
    authtypes.Minter
}},
		{
    Account: stakingtypes.BondedPoolName,
    Permissions: []string{
    authtypes.Burner, stakingtypes.ModuleName
}},
		{
    Account: stakingtypes.NotBondedPoolName,
    Permissions: []string{
    authtypes.Burner, stakingtypes.ModuleName
}},
		{
    Account: govtypes.ModuleName,
    Permissions: []string{
    authtypes.Burner
}},
		{
    Account: nft.ModuleName
},
		{
    Account: protocolpooltypes.ModuleName
},
		{
    Account: protocolpooltypes.ProtocolPoolEscrowAccount
},
}

	// blocked account addresses
	blockAccAddrs = []string{
    authtypes.FeeCollectorName,
		distrtypes.ModuleName,
		minttypes.ModuleName,
		stakingtypes.BondedPoolName,
		stakingtypes.NotBondedPoolName,
		nft.ModuleName,
		// We allow the following module accounts to receive funds:
		// govtypes.ModuleName
}

ModuleConfig = []*appv1alpha1.ModuleConfig{
		{
    Name: runtime.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&runtimev1alpha1.Module{
    AppName: "SimApp",
				// NOTE: upgrade module is required to be prioritized
				PreBlockers: []string{
    upgradetypes.ModuleName,
					authtypes.ModuleName,
},
				// During begin block slashing happens after distr.BeginBlocker so that
				// there is nothing left over in the validator fee pool, so as to keep the
				// CanWithdrawInvariant invariant.
				// NOTE: staking module is required if HistoricalEntries param > 0
				BeginBlockers: []string{
    minttypes.ModuleName,
					distrtypes.ModuleName,
					protocolpooltypes.ModuleName,
					slashingtypes.ModuleName,
					evidencetypes.ModuleName,
					stakingtypes.ModuleName,
					authz.ModuleName,
					epochstypes.ModuleName,
},
    EndBlockers: []string{
    govtypes.ModuleName,
					stakingtypes.ModuleName,
					feegrant.ModuleName,
					group.ModuleName,
					protocolpooltypes.ModuleName,
},
    OverrideStoreKeys: []*runtimev1alpha1.StoreKeyConfig{
					{
    ModuleName: authtypes.ModuleName,
    KvStoreKey: "acc",
},
},
    SkipStoreKeys: []string{
					"tx",
},
				// NOTE: The genutils module must occur after staking so that pools are
				// properly initialized with tokens from genesis accounts.
				// NOTE: The genutils module must also occur after auth so that it can access the params from auth.
				InitGenesis: []string{
    authtypes.ModuleName,
					banktypes.ModuleName,
					distrtypes.ModuleName,
					stakingtypes.ModuleName,
					slashingtypes.ModuleName,
					govtypes.ModuleName,
					minttypes.ModuleName,
					genutiltypes.ModuleName,
					evidencetypes.ModuleName,
					authz.ModuleName,
					feegrant.ModuleName,
					nft.ModuleName,
					group.ModuleName,
					upgradetypes.ModuleName,
					vestingtypes.ModuleName,
					circuittypes.ModuleName,
					epochstypes.ModuleName,
					protocolpooltypes.ModuleName,
},
				// When ExportGenesis is not specified, the export genesis module order
				// is equal to the init genesis order
				ExportGenesis: []string{
    consensustypes.ModuleName,
					authtypes.ModuleName,
					protocolpooltypes.ModuleName, // Must be exported before bank
					banktypes.ModuleName,
					distrtypes.ModuleName,
					stakingtypes.ModuleName,
					slashingtypes.ModuleName,
					govtypes.ModuleName,
					minttypes.ModuleName,
					genutiltypes.ModuleName,
					evidencetypes.ModuleName,
					authz.ModuleName,
					feegrant.ModuleName,
					nft.ModuleName,
					group.ModuleName,
					upgradetypes.ModuleName,
					vestingtypes.ModuleName,
					circuittypes.ModuleName,
					epochstypes.ModuleName,
},
				// Uncomment if you want to set a custom migration order here.
				// OrderMigrations: []string{
},
}),
},
		{
    Name: authtypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&authmodulev1.Module{
    Bech32Prefix:             "cosmos",
    ModuleAccountPermissions: moduleAccPerms,
				// By default modules authority is the governance module. This is configurable with the following:
				// Authority: "group", // A custom module authority can be set using a module name
				// Authority: "cosmos1cwwv22j5ca08ggdv9c2uky355k908694z577tv", // or a specific address
				EnableUnorderedTransactions: true,
}),
},
		{
    Name:   vestingtypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&vestingmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name: banktypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&bankmodulev1.Module{
    BlockedModuleAccountsOverride: blockAccAddrs,
}),
},
		{
    Name: stakingtypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&stakingmodulev1.Module{
				// NOTE: specifying a prefix is only necessary when using bech32 addresses
				// If not specfied, the auth Bech32Prefix appended with "valoper" and "valcons" is used by default
				Bech32PrefixValidator: "cosmosvaloper",
				Bech32PrefixConsensus: "cosmosvalcons",
}),
},
		{
    Name:   slashingtypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&slashingmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name: "tx",
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&txconfigv1.Config{
    SkipAnteHandler: true, // Enable this to skip the default antehandlers and set custom ante handlers.
}),
},
		{
    Name:   genutiltypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&genutilmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   authz.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&authzmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   upgradetypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&upgrademodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   distrtypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&distrmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   evidencetypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&evidencemodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   minttypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&mintmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name: group.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&groupmodulev1.Module{
    MaxExecutionPeriod: durationpb.New(time.Second * 1209600),
    MaxMetadataLen:     255,
}),
},
		{
    Name:   nft.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&nftmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   feegrant.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&feegrantmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   govtypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&govmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   consensustypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&consensusmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   circuittypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&circuitmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   epochstypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&epochsmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   protocolpooltypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&protocolpoolmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
}

	// AppConfig is application configuration (used by depinject)

AppConfig = depinject.Configs(appconfig.Compose(&appv1alpha1.Config{
    Modules: ModuleConfig,
}),
		depinject.Supply(
			// supply custom module basics
			map[string]module.AppModuleBasic{
    genutiltypes.ModuleName: genutil.NewAppModuleBasic(genutiltypes.DefaultMessageValidator),
				govtypes.ModuleName: gov.NewAppModuleBasic(
					[]govclient.ProposalHandler{
},
				),
},
		),
	)
)
```

## Key Features

### 1. BaseApp and other Core SDK components integration

The runtime module integrates with the `BaseApp` and other core SDK components to provide a seamless experience for developers.

The developer only needs to embed the `runtime.App` struct in their application to leverage the runtime module.
The configuration of the module manager and other core components is handled internally via the [`AppBuilder`](#4-application-building).

### 2. Module Registration

Runtime has built-in support for [`depinject`-enabled modules](/sdk/v0.53/build/building-modules/depinject).
Such modules can be registered through the configuration file (often named `app_config.go`), with no additional code required.

```go expandable theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-high-contrast","dark":"github-dark-high-contrast"}}
package simapp

import (
    
	"time"
    "google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/durationpb"

	runtimev1alpha1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/app/runtime/v1alpha1"
	appv1alpha1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/app/v1alpha1"
	authmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/auth/module/v1"
	authzmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/authz/module/v1"
	bankmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/bank/module/v1"
	circuitmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/circuit/module/v1"
	consensusmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/consensus/module/v1"
	distrmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/distribution/module/v1"
	epochsmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/epochs/module/v1"
	evidencemodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/evidence/module/v1"
	feegrantmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/feegrant/module/v1"
	genutilmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/genutil/module/v1"
	govmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/gov/module/v1"
	groupmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/group/module/v1"
	mintmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/mint/module/v1"
	nftmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/nft/module/v1"
	protocolpoolmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/protocolpool/module/v1"
	slashingmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/slashing/module/v1"
	stakingmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/staking/module/v1"
	txconfigv1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/tx/config/v1"
	upgrademodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/upgrade/module/v1"
	vestingmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/vesting/module/v1"
    "cosmossdk.io/core/appconfig"
    "cosmossdk.io/depinject"
	_ "cosmossdk.io/x/circuit" // import for side-effects
	circuittypes "cosmossdk.io/x/circuit/types"
	_ "cosmossdk.io/x/evidence" // import for side-effects
	evidencetypes "cosmossdk.io/x/evidence/types"
    "cosmossdk.io/x/feegrant"
	_ "cosmossdk.io/x/feegrant/module" // import for side-effects
	"cosmossdk.io/x/nft"
	_ "cosmossdk.io/x/nft/module" // import for side-effects
	_ "cosmossdk.io/x/upgrade"    // import for side-effects
	upgradetypes "cosmossdk.io/x/upgrade/types"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/runtime"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types/module"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth/tx/config" // import for side-effects
	authtypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth/types"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth/vesting" // import for side-effects
	vestingtypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth/vesting/types"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/authz"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/authz/module" // import for side-effects
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/bank"         // import for side-effects
	banktypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/bank/types"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/consensus" // import for side-effects
	consensustypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/consensus/types"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/distribution" // import for side-effects
	distrtypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/distribution/types"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/epochs" // import for side-effects
	epochstypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/epochs/types"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/genutil"
	genutiltypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/genutil/types"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/gov"
	govclient "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/gov/client"
	govtypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/gov/types"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/group"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/group/module" // import for side-effects
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/mint"         // import for side-effects
	minttypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/mint/types"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/protocolpool" // import for side-effects
	protocolpooltypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/protocolpool/types"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/slashing" // import for side-effects
	slashingtypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/slashing/types"
	_ "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/staking" // import for side-effects
	stakingtypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/staking/types"
)

var (
	// module account permissions
	moduleAccPerms = []*authmodulev1.ModuleAccountPermission{
		{
    Account: authtypes.FeeCollectorName
},
		{
    Account: distrtypes.ModuleName
},
		{
    Account: minttypes.ModuleName,
    Permissions: []string{
    authtypes.Minter
}},
		{
    Account: stakingtypes.BondedPoolName,
    Permissions: []string{
    authtypes.Burner, stakingtypes.ModuleName
}},
		{
    Account: stakingtypes.NotBondedPoolName,
    Permissions: []string{
    authtypes.Burner, stakingtypes.ModuleName
}},
		{
    Account: govtypes.ModuleName,
    Permissions: []string{
    authtypes.Burner
}},
		{
    Account: nft.ModuleName
},
		{
    Account: protocolpooltypes.ModuleName
},
		{
    Account: protocolpooltypes.ProtocolPoolEscrowAccount
},
}

	// blocked account addresses
	blockAccAddrs = []string{
    authtypes.FeeCollectorName,
		distrtypes.ModuleName,
		minttypes.ModuleName,
		stakingtypes.BondedPoolName,
		stakingtypes.NotBondedPoolName,
		nft.ModuleName,
		// We allow the following module accounts to receive funds:
		// govtypes.ModuleName
}

ModuleConfig = []*appv1alpha1.ModuleConfig{
		{
    Name: runtime.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&runtimev1alpha1.Module{
    AppName: "SimApp",
				// NOTE: upgrade module is required to be prioritized
				PreBlockers: []string{
    upgradetypes.ModuleName,
					authtypes.ModuleName,
},
				// During begin block slashing happens after distr.BeginBlocker so that
				// there is nothing left over in the validator fee pool, so as to keep the
				// CanWithdrawInvariant invariant.
				// NOTE: staking module is required if HistoricalEntries param > 0
				BeginBlockers: []string{
    minttypes.ModuleName,
					distrtypes.ModuleName,
					protocolpooltypes.ModuleName,
					slashingtypes.ModuleName,
					evidencetypes.ModuleName,
					stakingtypes.ModuleName,
					authz.ModuleName,
					epochstypes.ModuleName,
},
    EndBlockers: []string{
    govtypes.ModuleName,
					stakingtypes.ModuleName,
					feegrant.ModuleName,
					group.ModuleName,
					protocolpooltypes.ModuleName,
},
    OverrideStoreKeys: []*runtimev1alpha1.StoreKeyConfig{
					{
    ModuleName: authtypes.ModuleName,
    KvStoreKey: "acc",
},
},
    SkipStoreKeys: []string{
					"tx",
},
				// NOTE: The genutils module must occur after staking so that pools are
				// properly initialized with tokens from genesis accounts.
				// NOTE: The genutils module must also occur after auth so that it can access the params from auth.
				InitGenesis: []string{
    authtypes.ModuleName,
					banktypes.ModuleName,
					distrtypes.ModuleName,
					stakingtypes.ModuleName,
					slashingtypes.ModuleName,
					govtypes.ModuleName,
					minttypes.ModuleName,
					genutiltypes.ModuleName,
					evidencetypes.ModuleName,
					authz.ModuleName,
					feegrant.ModuleName,
					nft.ModuleName,
					group.ModuleName,
					upgradetypes.ModuleName,
					vestingtypes.ModuleName,
					circuittypes.ModuleName,
					epochstypes.ModuleName,
					protocolpooltypes.ModuleName,
},
				// When ExportGenesis is not specified, the export genesis module order
				// is equal to the init genesis order
				ExportGenesis: []string{
    consensustypes.ModuleName,
					authtypes.ModuleName,
					protocolpooltypes.ModuleName, // Must be exported before bank
					banktypes.ModuleName,
					distrtypes.ModuleName,
					stakingtypes.ModuleName,
					slashingtypes.ModuleName,
					govtypes.ModuleName,
					minttypes.ModuleName,
					genutiltypes.ModuleName,
					evidencetypes.ModuleName,
					authz.ModuleName,
					feegrant.ModuleName,
					nft.ModuleName,
					group.ModuleName,
					upgradetypes.ModuleName,
					vestingtypes.ModuleName,
					circuittypes.ModuleName,
					epochstypes.ModuleName,
},
				// Uncomment if you want to set a custom migration order here.
				// OrderMigrations: []string{
},
}),
},
		{
    Name: authtypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&authmodulev1.Module{
    Bech32Prefix:             "cosmos",
    ModuleAccountPermissions: moduleAccPerms,
				// By default modules authority is the governance module. This is configurable with the following:
				// Authority: "group", // A custom module authority can be set using a module name
				// Authority: "cosmos1cwwv22j5ca08ggdv9c2uky355k908694z577tv", // or a specific address
				EnableUnorderedTransactions: true,
}),
},
		{
    Name:   vestingtypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&vestingmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name: banktypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&bankmodulev1.Module{
    BlockedModuleAccountsOverride: blockAccAddrs,
}),
},
		{
    Name: stakingtypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&stakingmodulev1.Module{
				// NOTE: specifying a prefix is only necessary when using bech32 addresses
				// If not specfied, the auth Bech32Prefix appended with "valoper" and "valcons" is used by default
				Bech32PrefixValidator: "cosmosvaloper",
				Bech32PrefixConsensus: "cosmosvalcons",
}),
},
		{
    Name:   slashingtypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&slashingmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name: "tx",
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&txconfigv1.Config{
    SkipAnteHandler: true, // Enable this to skip the default antehandlers and set custom ante handlers.
}),
},
		{
    Name:   genutiltypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&genutilmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   authz.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&authzmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   upgradetypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&upgrademodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   distrtypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&distrmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   evidencetypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&evidencemodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   minttypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&mintmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name: group.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&groupmodulev1.Module{
    MaxExecutionPeriod: durationpb.New(time.Second * 1209600),
    MaxMetadataLen:     255,
}),
},
		{
    Name:   nft.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&nftmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   feegrant.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&feegrantmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   govtypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&govmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   consensustypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&consensusmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   circuittypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&circuitmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   epochstypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&epochsmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
		{
    Name:   protocolpooltypes.ModuleName,
    Config: appconfig.WrapAny(&protocolpoolmodulev1.Module{
}),
},
}

	// AppConfig is application configuration (used by depinject)

AppConfig = depinject.Configs(appconfig.Compose(&appv1alpha1.Config{
    Modules: ModuleConfig,
}),
		depinject.Supply(
			// supply custom module basics
			map[string]module.AppModuleBasic{
    genutiltypes.ModuleName: genutil.NewAppModuleBasic(genutiltypes.DefaultMessageValidator),
				govtypes.ModuleName: gov.NewAppModuleBasic(
					[]govclient.ProposalHandler{
},
				),
},
		),
	)
)
```

Additionally, the runtime package facilitates manual module registration through the `RegisterModules` method. This is the primary integration point for modules not registered via configuration.

<Warning>
  Even when using manual registration, the module should still be configured in the `Module` message in AppConfig.
</Warning>

```go theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-high-contrast","dark":"github-dark-high-contrast"}}
func (a *App)

RegisterModules(modules ...module.AppModule)

error
```

The SDK recommends using the declarative approach with `depinject` for module registration whenever possible.

### 3. Service Registration

Runtime registers all [core services](https://pkg.go.dev/cosmossdk.io/core) required by modules.
These services include `store`, `event manager`, `context`, and `logger`.
Runtime ensures that services are scoped to their respective modules during the wiring process.

```go expandable theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-high-contrast","dark":"github-dark-high-contrast"}}
package runtime

import (
    
	"fmt"
    "os"
    "slices"
    "github.com/cosmos/gogoproto/proto"
    "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protodesc"
    "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoregistry"

	runtimev1alpha1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/app/runtime/v1alpha1"
	appv1alpha1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/app/v1alpha1"
	authmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/auth/module/v1"
	stakingmodulev1 "cosmossdk.io/api/cosmos/staking/module/v1"
    "cosmossdk.io/core/address"
    "cosmossdk.io/core/appmodule"
    "cosmossdk.io/core/comet"
    "cosmossdk.io/core/event"
    "cosmossdk.io/core/genesis"
    "cosmossdk.io/core/header"
    "cosmossdk.io/core/store"
    "cosmossdk.io/depinject"
    "cosmossdk.io/log"
	storetypes "cosmossdk.io/store/types"
    "cosmossdk.io/x/tx/signing"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/baseapp"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/codec"
	addresscodec "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/codec/address"
	codectypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/codec/types"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/std"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types/module"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types/msgservice"
)

type appModule struct {
    app *App
}

func (m appModule)

RegisterServices(configurator module.Configurator) {
    err := m.app.registerRuntimeServices(configurator)
    if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
}

func (m appModule)

IsOnePerModuleType() {
}

func (m appModule)

IsAppModule() {
}

var (
	_ appmodule.AppModule = appModule{
}
	_ module.HasServices  = appModule{
}
)

// BaseAppOption is a depinject.AutoGroupType which can be used to pass
// BaseApp options into the depinject. It should be used carefully.
type BaseAppOption func(*baseapp.BaseApp)

// IsManyPerContainerType indicates that this is a depinject.ManyPerContainerType.
func (b BaseAppOption)

IsManyPerContainerType() {
}

func init() {
    appmodule.Register(&runtimev1alpha1.Module{
},
		appmodule.Provide(
			ProvideApp,
			ProvideInterfaceRegistry,
			ProvideKVStoreKey,
			ProvideTransientStoreKey,
			ProvideMemoryStoreKey,
			ProvideGenesisTxHandler,
			ProvideKVStoreService,
			ProvideMemoryStoreService,
			ProvideTransientStoreService,
			ProvideEventService,
			ProvideHeaderInfoService,
			ProvideCometInfoService,
			ProvideBasicManager,
			ProvideAddressCodec,
		),
		appmodule.Invoke(SetupAppBuilder),
	)
}

func ProvideApp(interfaceRegistry codectypes.InterfaceRegistry) (
	codec.Codec,
	*codec.LegacyAmino,
	*AppBuilder,
	*baseapp.MsgServiceRouter,
	*baseapp.GRPCQueryRouter,
	appmodule.AppModule,
	protodesc.Resolver,
	protoregistry.MessageTypeResolver,
	error,
) {
    protoFiles := proto.HybridResolver
    protoTypes := protoregistry.GlobalTypes

	// At startup, check that all proto annotations are correct.
    if err := msgservice.ValidateProtoAnnotations(protoFiles); err != nil {
		// Once we switch to using protoreflect-based ante handlers, we might
		// want to panic here instead of logging a warning.
		_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err.Error())
}
    amino := codec.NewLegacyAmino()

std.RegisterInterfaces(interfaceRegistry)

std.RegisterLegacyAminoCodec(amino)
    cdc := codec.NewProtoCodec(interfaceRegistry)
    msgServiceRouter := baseapp.NewMsgServiceRouter()
    grpcQueryRouter := baseapp.NewGRPCQueryRouter()
    app := &App{
    storeKeys:         nil,
		interfaceRegistry: interfaceRegistry,
		cdc:               cdc,
		amino:             amino,
		basicManager:      module.BasicManager{
},
		msgServiceRouter:  msgServiceRouter,
		grpcQueryRouter:   grpcQueryRouter,
}
    appBuilder := &AppBuilder{
    app
}

return cdc, amino, appBuilder, msgServiceRouter, grpcQueryRouter, appModule{
    app
}, protoFiles, protoTypes, nil
}

type AppInputs struct {
    depinject.In

	AppConfig          *appv1alpha1.Config `optional:"true"`
	Config             *runtimev1alpha1.Module
	AppBuilder         *AppBuilder
	Modules            map[string]appmodule.AppModule
	CustomModuleBasics map[string]module.AppModuleBasic `optional:"true"`
	BaseAppOptions     []BaseAppOption
	InterfaceRegistry  codectypes.InterfaceRegistry
	LegacyAmino        *codec.LegacyAmino
	Logger             log.Logger
}

func SetupAppBuilder(inputs AppInputs) {
    app := inputs.AppBuilder.app
	app.baseAppOptions = inputs.BaseAppOptions
	app.config = inputs.Config
	app.appConfig = inputs.AppConfig
	app.logger = inputs.Logger
	app.ModuleManager = module.NewManagerFromMap(inputs.Modules)
    for name, mod := range inputs.Modules {
    if customBasicMod, ok := inputs.CustomModuleBasics[name]; ok {
    app.basicManager[name] = customBasicMod
			customBasicMod.RegisterInterfaces(inputs.InterfaceRegistry)

customBasicMod.RegisterLegacyAminoCodec(inputs.LegacyAmino)

continue
}
    coreAppModuleBasic := module.CoreAppModuleBasicAdaptor(name, mod)

app.basicManager[name] = coreAppModuleBasic
		coreAppModuleBasic.RegisterInterfaces(inputs.InterfaceRegistry)

coreAppModuleBasic.RegisterLegacyAminoCodec(inputs.LegacyAmino)
}
}

func ProvideInterfaceRegistry(addressCodec address.Codec, validatorAddressCodec ValidatorAddressCodec, customGetSigners []signing.CustomGetSigner) (codectypes.InterfaceRegistry, error) {
    signingOptions := signing.Options{
    AddressCodec:          addressCodec,
    ValidatorAddressCodec: validatorAddressCodec,
}
    for _, signer := range customGetSigners {
    signingOptions.DefineCustomGetSigners(signer.MsgType, signer.Fn)
}

interfaceRegistry, err := codectypes.NewInterfaceRegistryWithOptions(codectypes.InterfaceRegistryOptions{
    ProtoFiles:     proto.HybridResolver,
    SigningOptions: signingOptions,
})
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
    if err := interfaceRegistry.SigningContext().Validate(); err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

return interfaceRegistry, nil
}

func registerStoreKey(wrapper *AppBuilder, key storetypes.StoreKey) {
    wrapper.app.storeKeys = append(wrapper.app.storeKeys, key)
}

func storeKeyOverride(config *runtimev1alpha1.Module, moduleName string) *runtimev1alpha1.StoreKeyConfig {
    for _, cfg := range config.OverrideStoreKeys {
    if cfg.ModuleName == moduleName {
    return cfg
}
	
}

return nil
}

func ProvideKVStoreKey(config *runtimev1alpha1.Module, key depinject.ModuleKey, app *AppBuilder) *storetypes.KVStoreKey {
    if slices.Contains(config.SkipStoreKeys, key.Name()) {
    return nil
}
    override := storeKeyOverride(config, key.Name())

var storeKeyName string
    if override != nil {
    storeKeyName = override.KvStoreKey
}

else {
    storeKeyName = key.Name()
}
    storeKey := storetypes.NewKVStoreKey(storeKeyName)

registerStoreKey(app, storeKey)

return storeKey
}

func ProvideTransientStoreKey(config *runtimev1alpha1.Module, key depinject.ModuleKey, app *AppBuilder) *storetypes.TransientStoreKey {
    if slices.Contains(config.SkipStoreKeys, key.Name()) {
    return nil
}
    storeKey := storetypes.NewTransientStoreKey(fmt.Sprintf("transient:%s", key.Name()))

registerStoreKey(app, storeKey)

return storeKey
}

func ProvideMemoryStoreKey(config *runtimev1alpha1.Module, key depinject.ModuleKey, app *AppBuilder) *storetypes.MemoryStoreKey {
    if slices.Contains(config.SkipStoreKeys, key.Name()) {
    return nil
}
    storeKey := storetypes.NewMemoryStoreKey(fmt.Sprintf("memory:%s", key.Name()))

registerStoreKey(app, storeKey)

return storeKey
}

func ProvideGenesisTxHandler(appBuilder *AppBuilder)

genesis.TxHandler {
    return appBuilder.app
}

func ProvideKVStoreService(config *runtimev1alpha1.Module, key depinject.ModuleKey, app *AppBuilder)

store.KVStoreService {
    storeKey := ProvideKVStoreKey(config, key, app)

return kvStoreService{
    key: storeKey
}
}

func ProvideMemoryStoreService(config *runtimev1alpha1.Module, key depinject.ModuleKey, app *AppBuilder)

store.MemoryStoreService {
    storeKey := ProvideMemoryStoreKey(config, key, app)

return memStoreService{
    key: storeKey
}
}

func ProvideTransientStoreService(config *runtimev1alpha1.Module, key depinject.ModuleKey, app *AppBuilder)

store.TransientStoreService {
    storeKey := ProvideTransientStoreKey(config, key, app)

return transientStoreService{
    key: storeKey
}
}

func ProvideEventService()

event.Service {
    return EventService{
}
}

func ProvideCometInfoService()

comet.BlockInfoService {
    return cometInfoService{
}
}

func ProvideHeaderInfoService(app *AppBuilder)

header.Service {
    return headerInfoService{
}
}

func ProvideBasicManager(app *AppBuilder)

module.BasicManager {
    return app.app.basicManager
}

type (
	// ValidatorAddressCodec is an alias for address.Codec for validator addresses.
	ValidatorAddressCodec address.Codec

	// ConsensusAddressCodec is an alias for address.Codec for validator consensus addresses.
	ConsensusAddressCodec address.Codec
)

type AddressCodecInputs struct {
    depinject.In

	AuthConfig    *authmodulev1.Module    `optional:"true"`
	StakingConfig *stakingmodulev1.Module `optional:"true"`

	AddressCodecFactory          func()

address.Codec         `optional:"true"`
	ValidatorAddressCodecFactory func()

ValidatorAddressCodec `optional:"true"`
	ConsensusAddressCodecFactory func()

ConsensusAddressCodec `optional:"true"`
}

// ProvideAddressCodec provides an address.Codec to the container for any
// modules that want to do address string <> bytes conversion.
func ProvideAddressCodec(in AddressCodecInputs) (address.Codec, ValidatorAddressCodec, ConsensusAddressCodec) {
    if in.AddressCodecFactory != nil && in.ValidatorAddressCodecFactory != nil && in.ConsensusAddressCodecFactory != nil {
    return in.AddressCodecFactory(), in.ValidatorAddressCodecFactory(), in.ConsensusAddressCodecFactory()
}
    if in.AuthConfig == nil || in.AuthConfig.Bech32Prefix == "" {
    panic("auth config bech32 prefix cannot be empty if no custom address codec is provided")
}
    if in.StakingConfig == nil {
    in.StakingConfig = &stakingmodulev1.Module{
}
	
}
    if in.StakingConfig.Bech32PrefixValidator == "" {
    in.StakingConfig.Bech32PrefixValidator = fmt.Sprintf("%svaloper", in.AuthConfig.Bech32Prefix)
}
    if in.StakingConfig.Bech32PrefixConsensus == "" {
    in.StakingConfig.Bech32PrefixConsensus = fmt.Sprintf("%svalcons", in.AuthConfig.Bech32Prefix)
}

return addresscodec.NewBech32Codec(in.AuthConfig.Bech32Prefix),
		addresscodec.NewBech32Codec(in.StakingConfig.Bech32PrefixValidator),
		addresscodec.NewBech32Codec(in.StakingConfig.Bech32PrefixConsensus)
}
```

Additionally, runtime provides automatic registration of other essential (i.e., gRPC routes) services available to the App:

* AutoCLI Query Service
* Reflection Service
* Custom module services

```go expandable theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-high-contrast","dark":"github-dark-high-contrast"}}
package runtime

import (
    
	"encoding/json"
    "io"

	dbm "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-db"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/baseapp"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types/module"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/version"
)

// AppBuilder is a type that is injected into a container by the runtime module
// (as *AppBuilder)

which can be used to create an app which is compatible with
// the existing app.go initialization conventions.
type AppBuilder struct {
    app *App
}

// DefaultGenesis returns a default genesis from the registered AppModuleBasic's.
func (a *AppBuilder)

DefaultGenesis()

map[string]json.RawMessage {
    return a.app.DefaultGenesis()
}

// Build builds an *App instance.
func (a *AppBuilder)

Build(db dbm.DB, traceStore io.Writer, baseAppOptions ...func(*baseapp.BaseApp)) *App {
    for _, option := range a.app.baseAppOptions {
    baseAppOptions = append(baseAppOptions, option)
}

	// set routers first in case they get modified by other options
	baseAppOptions = append(
		[]func(*baseapp.BaseApp) {
    func(bApp *baseapp.BaseApp) {
    bApp.SetMsgServiceRouter(a.app.msgServiceRouter)

bApp.SetGRPCQueryRouter(a.app.grpcQueryRouter)
},
},
		baseAppOptions...,
	)
    bApp := baseapp.NewBaseApp(a.app.config.AppName, a.app.logger, db, nil, baseAppOptions...)

bApp.SetCommitMultiStoreTracer(traceStore)

bApp.SetVersion(version.Version)

bApp.SetInterfaceRegistry(a.app.interfaceRegistry)

bApp.MountStores(a.app.storeKeys...)

a.app.BaseApp = bApp
	a.app.configurator = module.NewConfigurator(a.app.cdc, a.app.MsgServiceRouter(), a.app.GRPCQueryRouter())
    if err := a.app.ModuleManager.RegisterServices(a.app.configurator); err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

return a.app
}
```

### 4. Application Building

The `AppBuilder` type provides a structured way to build applications:

```go expandable theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-high-contrast","dark":"github-dark-high-contrast"}}
package runtime

import (
    
	"encoding/json"
    "io"

	dbm "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-db"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/baseapp"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types/module"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/version"
)

// AppBuilder is a type that is injected into a container by the runtime module
// (as *AppBuilder)

which can be used to create an app which is compatible with
// the existing app.go initialization conventions.
type AppBuilder struct {
    app *App
}

// DefaultGenesis returns a default genesis from the registered AppModuleBasic's.
func (a *AppBuilder)

DefaultGenesis()

map[string]json.RawMessage {
    return a.app.DefaultGenesis()
}

// Build builds an *App instance.
func (a *AppBuilder)

Build(db dbm.DB, traceStore io.Writer, baseAppOptions ...func(*baseapp.BaseApp)) *App {
    for _, option := range a.app.baseAppOptions {
    baseAppOptions = append(baseAppOptions, option)
}

	// set routers first in case they get modified by other options
	baseAppOptions = append(
		[]func(*baseapp.BaseApp) {
    func(bApp *baseapp.BaseApp) {
    bApp.SetMsgServiceRouter(a.app.msgServiceRouter)

bApp.SetGRPCQueryRouter(a.app.grpcQueryRouter)
},
},
		baseAppOptions...,
	)
    bApp := baseapp.NewBaseApp(a.app.config.AppName, a.app.logger, db, nil, baseAppOptions...)

bApp.SetCommitMultiStoreTracer(traceStore)

bApp.SetVersion(version.Version)

bApp.SetInterfaceRegistry(a.app.interfaceRegistry)

bApp.MountStores(a.app.storeKeys...)

a.app.BaseApp = bApp
	a.app.configurator = module.NewConfigurator(a.app.cdc, a.app.MsgServiceRouter(), a.app.GRPCQueryRouter())
    if err := a.app.ModuleManager.RegisterServices(a.app.configurator); err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

return a.app
}
```

Key building steps:

1. Configuration loading
2. Module registration
3. Service setup
4. Store mounting
5. Router configuration

An application only needs to call `AppBuilder.Build` to create a fully configured application (`runtime.App`).

```go expandable theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-high-contrast","dark":"github-dark-high-contrast"}}
package runtime

import (
    
	"encoding/json"
    "io"

	dbm "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-db"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/baseapp"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types/module"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/version"
)

// AppBuilder is a type that is injected into a container by the runtime module
// (as *AppBuilder)

which can be used to create an app which is compatible with
// the existing app.go initialization conventions.
type AppBuilder struct {
    app *App
}

// DefaultGenesis returns a default genesis from the registered AppModuleBasic's.
func (a *AppBuilder)

DefaultGenesis()

map[string]json.RawMessage {
    return a.app.DefaultGenesis()
}

// Build builds an *App instance.
func (a *AppBuilder)

Build(db dbm.DB, traceStore io.Writer, baseAppOptions ...func(*baseapp.BaseApp)) *App {
    for _, option := range a.app.baseAppOptions {
    baseAppOptions = append(baseAppOptions, option)
}

	// set routers first in case they get modified by other options
	baseAppOptions = append(
		[]func(*baseapp.BaseApp) {
    func(bApp *baseapp.BaseApp) {
    bApp.SetMsgServiceRouter(a.app.msgServiceRouter)

bApp.SetGRPCQueryRouter(a.app.grpcQueryRouter)
},
},
		baseAppOptions...,
	)
    bApp := baseapp.NewBaseApp(a.app.config.AppName, a.app.logger, db, nil, baseAppOptions...)

bApp.SetCommitMultiStoreTracer(traceStore)

bApp.SetVersion(version.Version)

bApp.SetInterfaceRegistry(a.app.interfaceRegistry)

bApp.MountStores(a.app.storeKeys...)

a.app.BaseApp = bApp
	a.app.configurator = module.NewConfigurator(a.app.cdc, a.app.MsgServiceRouter(), a.app.GRPCQueryRouter())
    if err := a.app.ModuleManager.RegisterServices(a.app.configurator); err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

return a.app
}
```

More information on building applications can be found in the [next section](/sdk/v0.53/build/building-apps/app-go).

## Best Practices

1. **Module Order**: Carefully consider the order of modules in begin\_blockers, end\_blockers, and pre\_blockers.
2. **Store Keys**: Use override\_store\_keys only when necessary to maintain clarity
3. **Genesis Order**: Maintain correct initialization order in init\_genesis
4. **Migration Management**: Use order\_migrations to control upgrade paths

### Migration Considerations

When upgrading between versions:

1. Review the migration order specified in `order_migrations`
2. Ensure all required modules are included in the configuration
3. Validate store key configurations
4. Test the upgrade path thoroughly